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ObjectiveTo study the chemical structure of gardenia blue pigment and its inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase B （MAO-B）， in order to seek a potential feasible way for rational utilization and value enhancement of iridoids in Gardeniae Fructus. MethodIridoid glycosides in Gardeniae Fructus were hydrolyzed by cellulase to obtain their aglycones and reacted with amino acids. Then， the products were purified by column chromatography packed with D101 macroporous resin and preparative liquid chromatography to obtain gardenia blue pigments， and the gardenia blue pigments were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） and mass spectrometry （MS）. Benzylamine was used as the reaction substrate of MAO-B and in vitro incubated with gardenia blue pigment monomers， high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to determine the production of benzaldehyde for evaluating the inhibitory effect of gardenia blue pigments on MAO-B， the mobile phase was methanol （A） -50 mmol·L-1 potassium phosphate buffer （B， pH 3.2） （2∶3）， and the detection wavelength was 245 nm. ResultEight compounds of gardenia blue pigment A-H were synthesized and identified. In MAO-B inhibition test， compared with geniposide， the inhibitory activity of gardenia blue pigment D and E was significantly enhanced （P<0.05）. Compared with the 6β-hydroxygeniposide， the inhibitory activity of gardenia blue pigment G and H was significantly enhanced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. All the four gardenia blue pigments showed better MAO-B inhibitory activity than the prototype compounds. ConclusionGardenia blue pigment is a simple compound formed by one molecule of amino acid and one molecule of iridoid. Some gardenia blue pigments have better MAO-B inhibitory activity than the prototype compounds. The activity of gardenia blue pigment produced by different substrates is different， and the high-value gardenia blue pigment can be prepared based on experimental optimization， which can expand the application range of gardenia blue pigment and enrich the comprehensive utilization of iridoids from Gardeniae Fructus.
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Background/Aims@# Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage is the preferred approach for infected or symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). Here, we developed an algorithm for the management of pancreatitis complicated by PFCs and report on its effcacy and safety. @*Methods@#Between September 2011 and October 2017, patients were prospectively managed according to the algorithm. PFCs were classified as poorly organized fluid collections (POFCs), pancreatic pseudocysts (PPs), or walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). Clinical success was defined as a decrease in PFC size by ≥50% of the maximal diameter or to ≤2 cm. @*Results@# A total of 108 patients (62% male; mean age, 53 years) were included: 13 had POFCs, 43 had PPs, and 52 had WOPN. Seventytwo patients (66%) required a pancreatic duct (PD) stent, whereas 65 (60%) received enteral feeding. A total of 103 (95%) patients achieved clinical success. Eight patients experienced complications including bleeding (n=6) and surgical intervention (n=2). Patients with enteral feeding were 3.4 times more likely to achieve resolution within 60 days (p=0.0421), whereas those with PD stenting was five times more likely to achieve resolution within 90 days (p=0.0069). @*Conclusions@# A high PFC resolution rate can be achieved when a dedicated algorithm encompassing EUS-guided drainage, PD stenting, and early enteral feeding is adopted.
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Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) causes compression and partial or complete obstruction of the duodenum, resulting in abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. If conservative therapy fails, the patient is typically referred for enteral feeding or laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy.The last few years have seen increasing use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ) for gastric obstruction indications. EUS-GJ involves the creation of a gastric bypass via an echoendoscope in cases in which the small intestine can be punctured under ultrasonographic visualization, resulting in an incision-free, efficient, and safe procedure.In this case report, we present the first case of SMAS treated using a reverse EUS-GJ, and describe the steps and advantages of the procedure in this particular case.
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OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect on essential hypertension of the topical application of TAT-Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (TAT-SOD) at left acupoint Zusanli (ST 36), and to observe whether the change of electrical potential difference (EPD) can be related to the change of blood pressure.@*METHODS@#Sixteen patients with essential hypertension and 16 healthy subjects were included in the study. EPD between the left acupoints of Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Qiuxu (GB 40) was firstly screened out for the EPD detection. An intracellular superoxide quenching enzyme, TAT-SOD, was topically applied to the acupoint ST 36 within an area of 1 cm once a day, and the influence on EPD was investigated. The dosage applied to TAT-SOD group (n=8) was 0.2 mL of 3000 U/mL TAT-SOD cream prepared by adding purified TAT-SOD to a vehicle cream, while placebo group (n=8) used the vehicle cream instead. The left acupoints of Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Qiuxu (GB 40) were selected for EPD measurement after comparing EPD readings between 5 acupoints on each of all 12 meridians.@*RESULTS@#EPDs between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 for 16 patients of essential hypertension and 16 healthy subjects were 44.9±6.4 and 5.6±0.9 mV, respectively. Daily application of TAT-SOD for 15 days at ST 36 of essential hypertension patients significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 179.6 and 81.5 mm Hg to 153.1 and 74.1 mm Hg, respectively. Responding to the change in blood pressure, EPD between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 also declined from 44.4 to 22.8 mV with the same trend. No change was observed with SBP, DBP and EPD between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 with the daily application of the placebo cream.@*CONCLUSION@#Enzymatic scavenging of the intracellular superoxide at ST 36 proved to be effective in decreasing SBP and DBP. The results reconfirm the involvement of superoxide anions and its transportation along the meridians, and demonstrate that EPD between acupoints may be an indicator to reflect its functioning status. Moreover, preliminary results suggest a close correlation between EPD and blood pressure readings, implying a possibility of using EPD as a sensitive parameter for blood pressure and to monitor the effect of antihypertensive treatment.
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OBJECTIVE@#To understand the oral health status of children aged 3-12 in Shaoshan area of Hunan province and to evaluate the role of oral health educations based on community such as fluoride varnish, oral hygiene introduction in improving the oral health of children in the area so as to gain expe-rience.@*METHODS@#The study used cluster sampling to select 3 kindergartens and 2 primary schools in different economic development areas of Shaoshan. Oral health status survey and interventions were conducted in December 2014 and September 2016, respectively. The average debris index, decayed missing filled teeth (deciduous teeth: dmft; permanent teeth: DMFT), and caries prevalence rate of children aged 3-6 years and 6-12 years were compared. At the same time, children aged 5 and 12 were used as representative populations to compare the indices as listed before and the caries prevalence rate of the first permanent molar in 12-year-old children was compared as well. Finally, health economic analysis was carried out based on the 2 years' result.@*RESULTS@#In this study, 992 children and 896 children in 2014 and 2016 were included respectively. As for children aged 3-6 years, the average debris index and dmft in 2016 were significantly less than that in 2014 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and the difference of DMFT was not significant (P=0.419). Children aged 6-12 years showed the same result, the average debris index and dmft in 2016 were significantly less than those in 2014 (P < 0.001, P=0.013), and the difference in DMFT was not significant (P=0.674). 173 and 179 5-year-old children were included in 2014 and 2016 respectively, and the dmft showed significant difference (P=0.038); the caries prevalence rate was 75.7% and 71.5%, respectively, which was also not significant (P=0.370). With respect to the 12-year-old children, 65 and 104 children were included and the differences in dmft and DMFT were not significant (P=0.133, P=0.171). The caries prevalence of the first permanent molar in the 12-year-old children was 36.9% and 26.9%, whose difference was not significant (P=0.171).@*CONCLUSION@#The application of fluoride varnish and oral health education can significantly reduce the dmft of children aged 3-12 years in Shaoshan area and significantly improve the oral hygiene status. DMFT, the caries prevalence rate of 5-year-old children's deciduous teeth and 12-year-old children's first permanent molar showed a decline.
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Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , DMF Index , Fluorides , Molar , Oral Health , PrevalenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To understand the new development of data integrity by drug regulatory agencies. METHODS: Data integrity by drug regulatory agencies in domestic and abroad were interprated in this paper. Data integrity is critical elements of the pharmaceutical quality system, and drug regulatory agencies have issued practise /guidance on data integrity to highlight it. Practise /guidance provide a basic overview of key principles relating to data management and integrity which are regularly updated, revised and reviewed based on the feedback from review agencies, including the experience provided by various regulatory agencies and enterprises. RESULTS: and CONCLUSION: This paper summarizes the individual and common issues of the six major data integrity practise /guidance, explains and differentiates some concepts, which helps to understand and apply practise /guidance.
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AIM:To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA PVT1 in ovarian cancer and the role of PVT1 in migration and invasion abilities of ovarian cancer cells.METHODS: The expression of PVT1 in ovarian cancer tissue,normal ovarian tissue and different ovarian cancer cell lines was detected by qPCR.Transwell assay was used to de-tect the invasion ability of ovarian cancer cells after PVT1 silencing.The migration ability of the ovarian cancer cells after PVT1 silencing was detected by scratch test.The interaction between PVT1 and microRNA(miR)-551 was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assay.The effect of miR-551-inhibitor on the invasion and migration abilities of ovarian cancer cells after PVT1 silencing was detected by Transwell assay and scratch test.The expression of Wnt signaling pathway-related pro-teins was determined by Western blot after PVT1 silencing.The effects of PVT1 silencing on tumor weight and volume of ovarian cancer were examined by subcutaneous tumor transplantation in nude mice.RESULTS:The expression of PVT1 in ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal ovarian tissue(P<0.05).The expression level of PVT1 in ovarian cancer cell line ES-2 was the highest.PVT1 silencing inhibited the invasion and migration abilities of the ovarian cancer cells.After PVT1 silencing,miR-551-inhibitor promoted the invasion and migration abilities of the ovarian cancer cells.The expression of Wnt signaling pathway-related proteins was decreased after PVT1 silencing(P<0.05).Compared with negative control group,the tumor volume and weight in PVT1-siRNA group were significantly decreased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:PVT1 plays an important role in the development of ovarian cancer.PVT1 regulates the invasion and mi-gration abilities of ovarian cancer cells through Wnt signaling pathway.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical application value of minimal prepared ceramic veneer in anterior teeth, by analyzing the esthetic effects and success rates.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-four anterior teeth in 30 patients with minor esthetic defect were included in this study. Less than 0.5 mm preparation or no preparaion technique was used in the clinical procedure. Glass ceramics veneers were delivered and 3M Relyx Veneer were used as the adhesive. The final appearance of each restoration was evaluated by patients on visual analogue scales (VAS) and by professional prosthodontists. Evaluation criteria included margin effects, color, shape and translucency. The success rate of all the restoration were analyzed in 6, 12 and 24 month after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients' degree of satisfaction was 9.2 ± 0.4, while the excellent rate of esthetic effect of margin effect, color, shape and translucency was 89% (39/44), 91% (40/44), 98% (43/44) and 93% (41/44) by professional prosthodontist. The success rate of 6, 12 and 24 month were 100% (44/44), 98% (43/44) and 91% (40/44).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The minimal prepared venneers have a good esthetic effect and a satisfactory success rate, and is a suitable technique in esthetic treatment under the critical indications.</p>
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Humans , Ceramics , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Methods , Dental Veneers , Esthetics, Dental , Incisor , Patient Satisfaction , Tooth Abnormalities , Therapeutics , Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic , Methods , Tooth Wear , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To test ΔE between measured value and right value from the Crystaleye complete-tooth spectrophotometer, and to evaluate the accuracy rate of the spectrophotometer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty prosthodontists participated in the study. Each of them used Vita 3D-Master shadeguide to do the shade matching, and used Crystaleye complete-tooth spectrophotometer (before and after the test training) tested the middle of eight fixed tabs from shadeguide in the dark box. The results of shade matching and spectrophotometer were recorded. The accuracy rate of shade matching and the spectrophotometer before and after training were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average accuracy rate of shade matching was 49%. The average accuracy rate of the spectrophotometer before and after training was 83% and 99%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The accuracy of the spectrophotometer was significant higher than that in shade matching, and training can improve the accuracy rate.</p>
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Humans , Color , Reference Standards , Colorimetry , Dental Clinics , Dentists , Esthetics, Dental , Prosthesis Coloring , Spectrophotometry , ToothABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To test and compare the color and translucency between the mono-component light-cure adhesive resin and try-in paste with same number for porcelain veneer restorations, and evaluate the consistency of the materials.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Variolink Veneer and Relyx Veneer were involved in the study. The adhesive resins and try-in pastes were added into a model of diameter of 10 mm and thick of 2 mm with white background and covered with filtered cover glass, and then the resins was cured with light. The color (L(*), a(*), b(*)) of these samples was test and ΔE was also calculated to evaluate the color consistency of samples. The resins and try-in pastes were made into a thin layer of 0.15 mm, and their translucency was tested under the light from 380 µm to 780 µm. Average translucency was calculated. Tukey t-test for multiple comparisons was used to analysis the differences of ΔE. Paired t-test was used to analysis the differences of translucency of them.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tukey's t-test shows that the evaluation of ΔE of TR (1.11 ± 0.18) was a; those of LV-1 (6.38 ± 0.45), LV-2 (5.94 ± 0.19), A1 (7.54 ± 0.20), WO (4.24 ± 1.14) were b; those of HV + 2 (10.90 ± 0.41), HV + 1 (11.48 ± 0.17), LV-3 (10.69 ± 0.13), B0.5 (13.26 ± 0.21) were c; and those of HV + 3 (21.94 ± 0.21), MV0 (29.78 ± 0.14), A3 (32.67 ± 0.19) were d (a, b, c, d meaned that the consistency of resin and try-in paste became lower and lower). There were significant differences between resin and tray-in paste in 7 colors (A1, TR, HV + 3, HV + 2, HV + 1, LV-2, LV-3) of 12 colors (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The consistency of color and translucency between most adhesive resin and try-in paste with same number is low. This kind of materials should be used with caution in demanding cases.</p>
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Color , Composite Resins , Dental Materials , Light , Ointments , Resin CementsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the shade matching accuracy between tabs of shade guide and tabs out of shade guide by prosthodontists.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two graduate students who had 1 to 5 years clinical experience without color blindness were included in this study. Twenty-nine tabs from Vita 3D-Master shadeguide and 7 tabs out of Vita 3D-Master shade guide but from Vita Bleachedguide 3D-Master were taken as the targets of shade matching and observed under the standard light. Subjects' shade matching accuracy on tabs of shadeguide and tabs out of shadeguide was recorded. Frequency of right match was analyzed using Monte Carlo exact probability-test. Wilcoxin test was used to analyze the difference between each group on ranked data of value, chroma and hue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The shade matching accuracy of tabs of shade guide [45.9% (199/434)] was significantly higher than that of tabs out of shade guide [9.0% (39/434)]. There was significant difference between the two kinds of tabs of ranked data of value [0.2 (0.1 - 0.3), 0.4 (0.4 - 0.5)] and chroma [0.2 (0.1 - 0.4), 0.5 (0.4 - 0.6), P < 0.01, but there was no significant difference in hue data [0.3 (0.1 - 0.4), 0.3 (0.1 - 0.4)].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The shade matching ability of prosthodontists on tabs out of shade guide is lower than that on tabs of shadeguide. To fulfill clinical need, more training is necessary.</p>
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Humans , Dentists , Psychology , Esthetics, Dental , Observer Variation , Pattern Recognition, Visual , Prosthesis Coloring , Methods , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the effect of shade guide training box and shade guide training software on shade matching ability of observers when used separately. To find out the difference between two training plans when the two training methods were used in combination, and to provide information on shade matching training system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two postgraduate dental students who specialized in prosthodontics with 1 to 5 year clinical experience were enrolled in this study. At base line, each participant were asked to match 7 standard shade tabs which have been randomly chosen from Vita 3D-Master shade guide and 7 intermediate shade tabs from Vita bleached guide 3D-Master. Then the subjects were allocated to 2 groups [Toothguide Training Box (TTB) group and Toothguide Training (TT) group] according to the baseline data. Participants in group TTB received training session once a week for 3 weeks, while those in group TT received TT training session once a week for 3 weeks. All participants took a middle term shade-matching test. Then the two groups exchange the training methods and repeat the whole process, a final test was given to each participant. The elapsed time and number of accurate shade matching were recorded for each training session. Wilcoxon signed ranks test and ANOVA were used in data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in the number of accurate shade matching (standard shade tab and the sum) between group TTB (4.4 +/- 1.3 and 5.3 +/- 1.6) and TT (4.0 +/- 1.4 and 4.9 +/- 1.5) in the middle term test with higher value found in group TTB. In the final test, the number of accurate shade matching (standard shade tab and the sum) in group TT (4.9 +/- 0.8 and 6.4 +/- 0.8) was higher than that in group TTB (4.7 +/- 1.1 and 5.8 +/- 0.9), but significant difference was found only when the sum number of accurate shade matching was compared between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between data from middle term test and from final test in group TTB; while in group TT, the number of accurate shade matching in the final test was significantly increased compared with that in the middle term test (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>When used in combination, TT training followed by TTB training is recommended.</p>
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Humans , Analysis of Variance , Observer Variation , Prosthesis Coloring , Methods , Prosthodontics , Education , Software , Students, DentalABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the epidemioiogical pattern of Borna disease virus (BDV) among different canine breeds in Ili, China, and to analyze its potential phylogeny. Methods BDV p24 RNA fragments were detected from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of canine by modified nested RT-PCR (nRT-PCR). Possible false positives were excluded by determination of both BDV p40 RNA fragments and PMD19 plasmid standards. Analysis were performed on genetic sequence, homologous comparison, amino acid sequence and phylogeny after p24 positive products were validated. Results BDV p24 RNA fragments were found only in Kazakh Tobet (a shepherd dog) in 8 breeds of 150 cases and their overall positive rate was 11.0% (10/91). Compared with the strain of He/80 from horse and that of S6 from sheep in Germany, the homologous similarities of Kazakh Tobet was 99.2% and 95.7%, and that of amino acid as 100% and 89.3%, respectively. The kinship of Kazakh Tobet was close to He/80 and next to S6. Conclusion There was potential natural BDV infection in Kazakh Tobet in Ili, and its endemic strain was concerned with He/ 80 infecting Ili horse and S6 of German Merino sheep introduced into the region from Germany.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiological pattern of Borna disease virus (BDV)infection in horses and to analyze the phylogenetic tree of derived BDV in Yili, Xinjiang. Methods We established a modified nested RT-PCR (nRT-PCR) to detect BDV p24 segment in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and brain tissues of 120 horses in Yili, Xinjiang. Positive products were analyzed by sequencing and homology analysis. Results The positive rate of BDV infection was 2.5% in both PMBCs and brain tissues at the same time. The gene sequence revealed in positive PCR samples was more than 93 % ,identical to that of BDV derived from horses in other countries. We also noticed a high degree of identity ( >98 % ) to standard strain He/80 in gene sequence of positive PCR samples. Conclusion Our study found the presence of BDV natural infection in horses in Yili. The endemic BDV had a high degree of identity to standard strain He/80.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare visual and spectrophotometric shade matching using Vita Easyshade and to evaluate its accuracy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty participants with single anterior full ceramic restorations were included in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups, the visual shade matching group (Group V) and the spectrophotometric shade matching (Vita Easyshade) group (Group S). In each group, subjects were allocated into 2 subgroups, those matched with shade tabs (V1, S1) and those out of shade tabs (V2, S2). Following the treatment, the Commission International de I'Eclairage Lab parameters were tested using the spectrophotometric, and the DeltaEab* between the restoration and contrast teeth was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences between DeltaEab*V (3.92 +/- 1.59) and DeltaEab*S (2.23 +/- 0.96), and also between DeltaEab*V2 (4.42 +/- 1.42) and DeltaEab*S2 (2.27 +/- 1.01), DeltaEab*V1 (2.29 +/- 0.88) and DeltaEab*V2 (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between DeltaEab*V1 and DeltaEab*S1 (2.12 +/- 0.84) (P = 0.698), nor between DeltaEab*S1 and DeltaEab*S2 (P = 0.014).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Spectrophotometric (Vita Easyshade) shade matching method is more accurate than visual shade matching when used on tooth that has out-of-shade-tab colour expression. It provides better colour reappearance, than does visual colour matching.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Dental Prosthesis Design , Esthetics, Dental , Prosthesis Coloring , Methods , SpectrophotometryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of pre-restoration bleaching treatment on tensile strength of resin bonding agents to deep enamel and its duration, and to estimate the optimal timing of porcelain veneers bonding operation after bleaching treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 96 extracted human permanent teeth were allocated into 6 groups, 16 teeth for each. In 5 study groups, 80 teeth were bleached using 35% hydrogen peroxide activated by cold light. Right after bleaching and at 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after bleaching, the teeth were prepared with removal of 0.6 to 0.8 mm depth of enamel respectively. And then each study group was divided into two subgroups and bonded with resin bonding agents A (One-step plus) and B (Single bond). In the control group, 16 unbleached teeth were divided into two subgroups and bonded with the two bonding agents respectively. The tensile bonding strength was measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tensile strength was [(17.79 +/- 3.53) and (19.41 +/- 3.37) MPa], [(17.50 +/- 4.29) and (19.66 +/- 3.48) MPa], and [(18.39 +/- 3.58) and (19.53 +/- 3.21) MPa] right after bleaching 0 day, 1 day, and 4 days, which were significantly smaller (about 30%) than that of the control group [(25.94 +/- 4.88) and (28.02 +/- 4.36) MPa] (P < 0.001). At 7 days after bleaching the tensile strength [(22.46 +/- 3.98) and (23.74 +/- 5.04) MPa] reached 87% and 85% of that in the control(P > 0.01). At 14 days after bleaching treatment, the strength [(26.03 +/- 4.47) and (27.88 +/- 4.78) MPa] reached the same level as that in the control (P > 0.01). There was no significant difference in bonding tensile strength between the two resin bonding agents.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The bonding strength of resin bonding agents to deep enamel was low during 2 weeks after bleaching treatment. It is suggested that porcelain veneer bonding operation should be performed till 2 weeks after bleaching treatment.</p>